A cough is one of the most common health complaints. For many of us, a cough often comes with a seasonal cold, flu, or minor throat irritation. In most cases, it goes away within a few days or a couple of weeks. But what happens if your cough does not improve and instead lingers for more than three weeks?

This is a warning sign that should never be ignored. A persistent cough may sometimes indicate serious conditions like tuberculosis (TB) or even lung cancer, especially in regions like Assam and other parts of India, where both diseases are highly prevalent.

At Breathe Superspeciality Clinic & Diagnostics, Guwahati, our expert pulmonologists regularly see patients who have been coughing continuously for weeks without realizing that it could be a symptom of something much more serious than a simple infection.

In this detailed guide, we will discuss:

  • Why a cough lasting more than three weeks needs medical attention
  • Common causes of persistent cough
  • How tuberculosis presents itself
  • How lung cancer symptoms overlap with chronic cough
  • Key differences between TB and lung cancer
  • When to consult a doctor
  • Available diagnostic tests and treatments in Guwahati
  • How Breathe Superspeciality Clinic & Diagnostics can help you

If you or someone in your family has been experiencing a cough that refuses to go away, please keep reading carefully.

 

Why You Should Never Ignore a Persistent Cough

A cough lasting more than 21 days (3 weeks) is classified as a chronic cough. While many people initially ignore it or try home remedies, it is important to remember that a lingering cough may be a symptom of an underlying lung disease.

Some possible causes include:

  • Respiratory infections that are not resolving
  • Allergic airway diseases like asthma or chronic bronchitis
  • Post-nasal drip from sinus infections
  • Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) causing acid irritation
  • Tuberculosis (TB) – still one of the most common causes of chronic cough in India
  • Lung cancer – often overlooked in the early stages

A timely medical check-up helps identify the root cause and start treatment early, which can be life-saving.

 

Tuberculosis (TB) – A Leading Cause of Persistent Cough in India

India accounts for nearly one-fourth of the world’s TB burden. Assam, like many states in the North-East, continues to report a high number of cases.

What is Tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also involve other parts of the body. TB spreads from one person to another through tiny droplets when someone with active TB coughs or sneezes.

Symptoms of Pulmonary TB

  • Persistent cough for more than 3 weeks
  • Coughing up phlegm or blood
  • Fever, often in the evenings
  • Night sweats
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Loss of appetite

Why TB is Often Missed

  • Many patients think it is just a “long-lasting cold” or “allergy.”
  • Home remedies may temporarily relieve the cough but do not treat TB.
  • Stigma around TB prevents people from seeking care early.

At Breathe Clinic Guwahati, we emphasize early TB detection through chest X-rays, sputum examination, and advanced diagnostics.

 

Lung Cancer – When a Cough Could Signal Something More Serious

While TB is common, we must also be aware of lung cancer as a cause of prolonged cough, particularly in people with risk factors such as smoking, air pollution, or family history of cancer.

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs, forming a tumor. It can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body if not detected early.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer

  • Persistent cough (lasting more than 3 weeks)
  • Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Shortness of breath
  • Hoarseness of voice
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Recurrent chest infections (pneumonia, bronchitis)

Who is at Risk?

  • Smokers (including passive smokers)
  • People exposed to indoor and outdoor air pollution (common in urban Assam)
  • Workers exposed to chemicals or asbestos
  • Family history of lung cancer
  • Patients with chronic lung conditions like COPD

Many symptoms overlap with TB, which is why proper diagnosis by an experienced pulmonologist is crucial.

 

TB vs Lung Cancer – How to Differentiate

Feature

Tuberculosis (TB)

Lung Cancer

Onset

Gradual, develops over weeks

Gradual but may be more aggressive

Cough

Persistent, may bring up sputum

Persistent, may bring up blood

Fever & Night Sweats

Common

Less common

Weight Loss

Present

Present

Chest Pain

Sometimes

More likely

Risk Factors

Infection, close contact with TB

Smoking, pollution, genetics

Since both can look very similar, only proper tests can confirm the diagnosis.

 

Diagnostic Tests for Persistent Cough at Breathe Clinic, Guwahati

At Breathe Superspeciality Clinic & Diagnostics, we provide a complete range of tests to identify the exact cause of chronic cough.

  • Digital Chest X-ray – quick and reliable to detect abnormalities
  • Sputum Examination – checks for TB bacteria
  • CT Scan of Chest – more detailed imaging for tumors or infections
  • Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) – assesses lung capacity
  • Biopsy – confirms diagnosis of cancer if a suspicious mass is found

Our expert pulmonologists guide patients step by step, ensuring clarity and comfort throughout the process.

 

Treatment Options

For Tuberculosis:

  • Standard Anti-Tubercular Therapy (ATT) for 6–9 months
  • Regular monitoring for side effects
  • Nutritional guidance to support recovery
  • Follow-up to ensure complete cure and prevent relapse

For Lung Cancer:

Treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer. Options include:

  • Surgery – for early-stage cancer
  • Chemotherapy – to kill cancer cells
  • Radiotherapy – targeted radiation treatment
  • Immunotherapy / Targeted therapy – advanced options available in specialized centers

Our team works closely with oncologists and surgeons to provide comprehensive care.

 

Why Early Diagnosis is Critical

Both TB and lung cancer are treatable when detected early. Delaying medical evaluation may result in complications such as:

  • Spread of TB to others in the family or community
  • Lung cancer progressing to an advanced, less treatable stage
  • Permanent lung damage, breathlessness, and poor quality of life

If you have had a cough for more than 3 weeks, consult a pulmonologist immediately.

 

Prevention Tips for Healthy Lungs

  • Quit smoking – the single biggest step to reduce lung cancer risk
  • Avoid exposure to dust, smoke, and pollutants
  • Maintain good indoor ventilation
  • Wear masks if exposed to dust or chemicals
  • Eat a healthy, balanced diet to boost immunity
  • Complete TB treatment fully if prescribed – never stop midway
  • Go for regular health check-ups if you have a family history of lung disease

 

Breathe Superspeciality Clinic & Diagnostics – Your Trusted Lung Health Partner in Guwahati

At Breathe Superspeciality Clinic, Guwahati, we specialize in the diagnosis and management of persistent cough, tuberculosis, lung cancer, asthma, COPD, and other respiratory illnesses.

Why patients trust us:

  • Experienced pulmonologists and specialists
  • State-of-the-art diagnostic facilities (Digital X-ray, Ultrasonography, PFT)
  • Patient-friendly approach – simple explanations, clear guidance
  • Affordable and accurate testing in one place
  • Comprehensive care from diagnosis to treatment

Your lung health should never be ignored. If you or someone you know has been struggling with a cough for more than three weeks, reach out to us today.

📍 Breathe Superspeciality Clinic & Diagnostics, Guwahati
📞 Contact: 8822153356
🌐 Website: www.breatheclinicguwahati.com

 

A persistent cough is not just an inconvenience – it could be your body’s way of signaling a serious condition like tuberculosis or lung cancer. Both diseases are treatable if detected early, but ignoring the symptoms can be dangerous.

If you live in Guwahati or Assam and have been coughing continuously for more than three weeks, do not delay. Visit a qualified pulmonologist at Breathe Superspeciality Clinic & Diagnostics and get the right diagnosis at the right time.

Your lungs are vital – protect them, care for them, and act early.

 

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is a cough lasting more than 3 weeks always a sign of TB or lung cancer?

Not always. A persistent cough may be caused by other conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, acid reflux, or post-nasal drip. However, since tuberculosis and lung cancer are serious causes of long-lasting cough, it is important not to ignore the symptom and get checked by a pulmonologist.

2. Can TB and lung cancer occur together?

Although uncommon, it is possible. Some patients who have had TB in the past may develop lung cancer later, as old TB scars can sometimes lead to cancerous changes. A thorough evaluation by a doctor is necessary if symptoms overlap.

3. What tests should I do first if I have a cough for more than 3 weeks?

The first step is usually a chest X-ray and sputum test. Depending on the findings, your doctor may recommend further tests such as a CT scan, bronchoscopy, or biopsy.

4. Does every patient with TB cough up blood?

No. While coughing up blood (hemoptysis) is a common symptom of TB and sometimes lung cancer, not every patient will have it. Some may only experience cough, mild fever, and weight loss.

5. Is TB still common in Guwahati and Assam?

Yes. Assam and other northeastern states continue to report high numbers of TB cases every year. This is why early detection, complete treatment, and community awareness are so important.

6. If I am a non-smoker, can I still get lung cancer?

Yes. While smoking is the biggest risk factor, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer, especially due to air pollution, passive smoking, family history, or occupational exposures.

7. Can a persistent cough be treated at home with remedies?

Home remedies may provide temporary relief, but they cannot treat underlying diseases like TB or lung cancer. If your cough lasts more than 3 weeks, you should always consult a doctor.

8. How is TB treated?

TB is treated with a combination of anti-tubercular medicines for 6–9 months. It is very important to complete the full course as prescribed by your doctor to ensure a complete cure and prevent drug resistance.

9. How is lung cancer treated?

Treatment depends on the stage and type of lung cancer. It may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy. Your doctor will decide the best treatment plan after proper diagnosis.

10. When should I see a doctor for a cough?

You should see a pulmonologist if:

  • Your cough lasts more than 3 weeks
  • You cough up blood
  • You have unexplained weight loss, fever, or night sweats
  • You experience chest pain or shortness of breath

Early consultation can save lives.

 

📞 If you are in Guwahati or Assam and have been experiencing a persistent cough, reach out to us at Breathe Superspeciality Clinic & Diagnostics – Contact: 8822153356 | 🌐 www.breatheclinicguwahati.com